Purpose of the work. The ongoing global changes in the modern world affect technological, economic, social, and environmental issues. The increasing anthropogenic load on the environment from human economic activity negatively impacts the fishing industry, reducing ocean biodiversity and degrading the habitat of aquatic organisms. This complex and multifaceted range of problems can only be addressed scientifically. This study demonstrates the role and importance of fisheries science in addressing current and future challenges.
Material and methods. The analysis utilized the results of historical and statistical observations, forecast calculations conducted at various times and summarized during the study, and took into account the organizational structures of large companies operating in various waters, as well as sociocultural aspects, which will allow for a more complete and in-depth identification of key trends in the future development of the industry. The results of the analysis will provide an objective picture of the current state of the fishing industry in all its diverse connections with related sectors of the national economy.
Results. The achievements of the fishing industry are inextricably linked to industry research led by the Russian State Research Center of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO). The institute’s work covers a wide range of research topics related to addressing such pressing issues as the conservation of biodiversity and natural ecosystems, which is undoubtedly an imperative for ensuring future generations have access to fish and seafood.
Practical significance: The materials can be used by government institutions to determine the optimal exploitation of aquatic bioresources without harming natural ecosystems and preserving biodiversity.

The aim of the research was to work out the methodic approach for assessment the age composition of the humpback shrimp catches which should be based on a priori knowledge of the number of size-age groups and their average sizes.
Materials were the data of trawl surveys and fisheries monitoring by traps obtained in 1997-2002 and 2010- 2022.
As results, an original algorithm, which allows assess the age composition of the humpback shrimp catches, was worked out. After calculations, averaged over different samples carapace lengths (CL) of males aged 2-6 years were 17,2; 22,4; 27,4; 31,8; 35,3 mm; intersexes aged 5-6 years had CL 34,2; 37,9 mm. For females, 5 size- age groups were distinguished. Each group, due to the incubation of eggs for 15 months and the possibility of changing sex at the age of either 4 or 5 years, can include up to 4 age classes of the same size. The average CL in these groups were 35,6; 38,9; 42,1; 44,1; 47,5 mm. The groups were divided into age classes by taking into account the presence or absence of the eggs in the fall and the degree of their maturity in the spring. For additional division, it is proposed to use a retrospective analysis based on the ratio between groups including only one age class. More reliable estimates are based on the fall survey data. The maximum longevity of a generation is estimated at 14 years.
Practical value: The obtained results can be applied for the humpback shrimp stocks assessment with the help of cohort models.

The aim: to assess the current state of sturgeon fish populations in the Russian part of the boundary waters of the Amur River.
Methods: the work is based on the results of expeditionary work carried out in 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2018-2025 by employees of the Khabarovsk branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «VNIRO» in the Russian-­ Chinese border waters of the Amur River. The work was carried out in the mode of scientific surveys and at stationary points. Bottom drift nets and a beam trawl were used as fishing gear.
Novelty: this publication summarizes previously unpublished data on the state of sturgeon fish populations in the Russian part of the boundary waters of the Amur River.
Results: Based on the results of almost twenty years of research, it was established that in the boundary waters of the middle and upper reaches of the river the Amur sturgeon populations are in an unsatisfactory condition. A multiple decrease in the number of Kaluga and Amur sturgeon and a deterioration in the qualitative structure of the populations have been noted. We assume that the main factor that negatively affected the state of the stocks of both sturgeon species here was their large-­ scale industrial catch in the waters of the PRC. The artificial reproduction of Kaluga and Amur sturgeon in China, which has been deployed over the past 20 years, has not led to an increase in their numbers in the middle and upper reaches of the Amur. To restore sturgeons in the border waters of the Amur, comprehensive joint measures by the Russian Federation and the PRC are needed, consisting of maintaining aggregate reproduction by creating the most favorable conditions for the natural reproduction of sturgeon fish and their artificial reproduction with the release of large-­ sized juveniles.
Practical significance: the obtained data will be used in the work of the joint Russian-­ Chinese commission in the field of fisheries to develop unified approaches to preserving sturgeon stocks in the border waters of the Amur River.

Purpose: Determine the likely causes of deviations in the abundance and seasonal dynamics of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) catches on Sakhalin Island (east coast) and Iturup Island from those expected in 2024. Research Material: Catch statistics (Rosrybolovstvo), biological analyses (materials of VNIRO and Glavrybvod Sakhalin branches), pink salmon numbers on spawning grounds (Glavrybvod). Methods used: Comparative analysis of data on catch and its seasonal dynamics, on fish length (FL), female fecundity and the ratio of fish of different sexes, as well as on the dynamics of downstream migration of juveniles. Results: The dynamics of pink salmon catch is determined by the ratio of its two temporal forms – ​ early and latein approaches to the coast. Catches of pink salmon during the approach of its early form exceeded the forecast. However, with the completion of the migration of these fish, further pink salmon approaches declined sharply, resulting in an almost complete cessation of catches. Earlier estimates of juvenile fish abundance in rivers and the dynamics of their downstream migration, based on the conditions of fry habitat in coastal marine waters do not provide a basis for explaining the occurrence of this phenomenon. When different stocks of pink salmon co-occur in open marine waters, high selective mortality of fish of one of the temporal forms is unlikely. It is not excluded that this phenomenon was a consequence of “failure” of the migration mechanism in accordance with the well-known hypothesis of “fluctuating stock of pink salmon”, according to which large-­ scale redistribution of spawning flows of fish of this species between the areas of reproduction of different stocks is possible. Practical Significance: The results indicate additional nuances that may be useful for use in the fisheries science management process.

The purpose of the work: To investigate biological, chemical and technological characteristics of Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata growing in coastal zones Onega Bay of the White Sea. To develop scientifically grounded recommendations on their use.
Methods used: Data on biological, chemical and technological characteristics of S. latissima and L. digitata are presented using published works of Russian and foreign scientists, as well as own research results. Standard and modern instrumental methods were used in the research.
Result. The data on biological, chemical and technological characteristics of commercial brown algae S. latissima and L. digitata growing in the Onega Bay of the White Sea are presented. Recommendations on their utilization are given.
The novelty. Based on the analysis of the morphometric parameters of S. latissima, several features and patterns of its growth were identified. The mass of thalli aged 2 years was 6.2 times larger than those of one-year-+, and the mass of three-year-+ thalli was 9.1 times larger. These data, along with information on chemical composition, indicate that S. latissima aged 2 and 3 have the best production qualities and are most suitable for harvesting and processing. S. latissima and L. digitata, aged 2 and 3, collected between August and September, have promising potential for use in both the food and technical sectors. Their individual components can be used in biologically active dietary supplements and pharmaceutical products. Practical significance. Freshly caught algae S. latissima and L. digitata are recommended to be cleaned from extraneous impurities, thoroughly washed in sea or fresh water, preserved as soon as possible by any available method, preferably drying, to preserve quality and further use in the production of food, therapeutic, preventive and pharmaceutical products.

In recent decades, the intensification levels of aquaculture systems in China have witnessed a rapid escalation, and the ongoing intensification of aquaculture systems will also lead to an increase in N and P discharge and energy consumption per unit weight gain. In the context of the national implementation of the «double carbon» strategy and society’s pursuit of an improved quality of life, the development of aquaculture is facing the «trilemma», that is, it is impossible to achieve the triple goals of N, P discharge reduction, energy saving and production increase at the same time. The deeper-­offshore area possesses robust natural purification capabilities and abundant non-fossil energy resources. With appropriate models and layouts, deeper-offshore aquaculture is expected to emerge as a pivotal solution to address the «trilemma». In recent years, China’s deeper-­offshore aquaculture developed rapidly, and there are some problems that are being solved. However, from a more macro and long-term perspective, there are three contradictions that should be paid attention to and solved, namely, enterprise profitability versus product affordability, clean energybased products versus carbon-­intensive products, and automated operation versus reemployment of coastal fishermen. At the tactical level, market differentiation mode can be implemented to improve its profitability. At the strategic level, the largescale integration of multiindustries should be innovated to solve aforementioned contradictions.

The aquatic seeding industry, as the origin of the aquaculture production chain, plays a crucial role in leading the green development of aquaculture, promoting the transformation and upgrading of fisheries, and achieving modernization within the industry. This article calculates China’s competitiveness in the aquatic seeding industry from an international perspective using trade competitiveness indices and net export comparative advantage indices. The results indicate that China’s competitive advantage in fish seed is gradually diminishing, with negative values even appearing in 2021 and 2022. Similarly, both the trade competitiveness index and the net export comparative advantage index for crustacean seed were negative between 2017 and 2022, indicating relatively weak international competitiveness that requires strengthening. Conversely, mollusk seed primarily focuses on exports and has demonstrated strong foreign trade competitiveness with both indices consistently above zero from 2011 to 2022. The trade competitiveness index for aquatic invertebrate seeds shows significant annual fluctuations while the net export comparative advantage index remains relatively stable. Overall, aquatic invertebrate seeds exhibit a level of competitiveness above average. In conclusion, there is a need to further enhance China’s trade competitiveness in fish seed, crustacean seed, and aquatic invertebrate seeds. To address this issue effectively, this paper proposes measures such as strengthening enterprises’ position within commercial breeding systems, enhancing research and development capabilities for aquaculture breeding, cultivating high-quality varieties that meet market demand, and bolstering public information platform construction within the aquaculture seed industry.

The purpose of the work: assessment of age-related changes in reproductive parameters and the fertilization of eggs in farmed beluga females in comparison with domesticated females, in relation to their potential use for reproduction.
Methods used: The methodology included fisheries biological and molecular genetic research methods, as well as the analysis of materials on artificial spawning between 2015 and 2023 for domesticated and aquacultural female beluga, uses material from the RNCRGM FGBNU VNIRO (Russian National Collection of Reference Genetic Materials). The mtDNA control region was sequenced using ABI3500xL genetic analyzers (Applied Biosystems, USA).
Novelty: the elements of novelty are generalized modern materials on age-related changes in biological parameters and their effect on reproduction of artificially grown beluga females.
Results: A comparative analysis of domesticated and bred beluga females showed an increase in body weight, working fertility, oosomatic index, average oocyte mass and fertilization of eggs from the first to the third maturation of females and confirmed that existing problems with the survival of offspring of bred belugas disappear with age and are adjusted by the selection of crossing schemes taking into account individual haplotypes.
Practical significance: The positive dynamics of an increase in fertility and a decrease in embryonic mortality with an increase in the age of female beluga whales raised “from caviar” confirms the expediency of their prolonged and repeated use for reproduction. The reduced genetic polymorphism of a group of females born in 2004 relative to fish of a different age requires more careful planning of crosses during reproduction of breeders of this large group in order to avoid reducing the heterogeneity of the natural beluga population in the Caspian Sea.

Objective: to evaluate the ability of salmonids to both keep a high growth rate and survival rate and synthesize long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from their precursors when fish oil is partially or fully replaced with vegetable oils in rainbow trout diets.
Materials and methods: The experiment was carried out for 150 days on juvenile rainbow trout (average initial weight 91 g) reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. Compound feeds with a ratio of linoleic and alphalinolenic acids from 1:1 to 1:3 and a total content of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids from 0.3 to 1.2 g/100 g of feed have been developed and tested. The composition of fatty acids of total lipids of feed and muscle tissue of trout was analyzed on a Crystal 5000.2 chromatograph. Statistical data processing was carried out using singlefactor analysis of variance by the ANOVA method.
Results: Partial or complete substitution of fish oil with rapeseed and linseed oils resulted in high fish farming indicators and ensured the biosynthesis of EPA and DHA from plantderived precursors. The deficiency of longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diets (total content not exceeding 0.3 g per 100 g) with a sufficient level (more than 5 g / 100 g of feed) of alphalinolenic acid could initiate the mechanism of PUFA biosynthesis in trout muscle. The use of diet with 1.2g of long-chain PUFA per 100 g of feed for 120 days stimulated an additional 17% increase in trout growth rate compared to diets including only fish oil.
Novelty and practical significance: These findings suggest the possibility of substituting fish oil in trout diets with rapeseed and linseed oils without compromising performance and product quality, including the content of highly unsaturated fatty acids.

The aim of the paper is to assess the influence of large-­ scale climatic and oceanographic processes on recruitment abundance and mean weight of cod at age 3 in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters.
The material for the study was oceanographic data collected by Polar Branch of VNIRO and other available information on the hydrometeorological conditions of the Barents Sea and adjacent areas as well as data on the biomass of the cod spawning stock, the number of its recruits and the mean weight of fish at age 3 for 1981-2023.
Methods of descriptive statistics as well as comparative, correlation and regression analyses were applied.
Results: The analysis of the conditions for forming the Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod stock in the Barents Sea was carried out. To assess the impact of climate changes on state of the stock, the number of recruits and the mean weight of fish at age 3 were chosen as its parameters. The following climatic factors were used: the winter North Atlantic Oscillation index, the Atlantic water temperature in the Gimsøy and Kola sections, the area-averaged temperature in the Barents Sea (71-79°N 25-55°E) at 100 m depth, and the length index of thermal frontal zones in the Barents Sea. Reliable and adequate regression equations were constructed for the selected stock parameters, including the temperature of Atlantic waters and the length index of frontal zones in the Barents Sea, the biomass of spawning cod stock, and the average number of its recruits at age 3 over the previous two years, which allow forecasts to be made with a lead time of up to one year. Practical significance: The obtained results will allow a better understanding of the processes occurring in the Barents Sea ecosystem, and will be used to assess the impact of climate change and oceanographic conditions on the state of cod stock in the Barents Sea and to forecast its recruitment abundance and mean fish weight at age 3.

The aim: to study the amount of lead found in muscle tissue and liver of the main commercial fish species of the Barents Sea.
Research material was comprised of fish samples collected during the expeditions of “PINRO” named after Knipovich in the Barents Sea in 2009-2022. The study was based on muscle and liver samples taken from cod, haddock, long rough dab, Greenland halibut, plaice and spotted catfish. Over 1500 samples were analyzed.
Novelty: for the first time a large amount of material was used to perform a comparative analysis of Pb content in six commercial fish species of the Barents Sea. Natural background levels of its content to be regarded as acceptable were identified.
Methods used: lead in samples was detected by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry using Shimadzu (Japan) spectrophotometer. Processing of statistical data and diagram plotting were performed in MS Excel and Statistica 13 application package.
Results: It has been shown that mean Pb content in fish muscle and liver did not exceed the standard for permissible content, 1.0 mg/kg of the wet weight. Pb content in liver was found to exceed that in muscle by 2.4 times on the average. No signs of anthropogenic pollution by Pb was found in the studied samples. Estimates of background Pb levels in muscle of the Barents Sea commercial fishes were suggested. The background levels are markers of the current natural Pb content in the regional fish fauna and can be used to reveal anthropogenic impact on the biota. There is a statistically sound suggestion regarding a probable link between Pb content and fish taxonomy: the content of Pb in muscle of flatfish is reliably lower than in gadoid fishes.
Practical significance: the obtained results were used to estimate the compliance with safety standards for commercial fishes established by the technical regulations of the Customs Union accepted in Russia.

The aim: To develop a new range of canned products – ​ pates from raw Pacific saury and additional components that improve taste and quality characteristics, to evaluate their nutritional value and biological efficiency of lipids.
Materials and methods: he main objects of the research were frozen Pacific saury and canned pates made from it. To assess the positive impact of canned food on human health, their fatty acid composition was studied and food indices of lipid quality were calculated.
The results: Two assortments of canned food “Pacific saury pate” have been developed from fish without preliminary heat treatment, which surpass the traditional type of canned food-pates, including blanched saury mince, in terms of organoleptic properties. The amount of omega‑3 PUFA in the contents of the canned food was 4.6-4.8 g/100 g, EPA+DHA – ​3.0-3.16 g/100 g, which fully met the daily requirement of a healthy and sick person for them. The calculated indicators of the biological efficiency of the fat component of the products showed their potential ability to normalize lipid metabolism in humans and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
The practical significance: Canned food “Pacific saury pate” is proposed for industrial production and can be recommended for inclusion in the diet of certain groups of the population as products for dietary preventive nutrition.
Novelty: The novelty of the scientific work is the calculation of lipid quality indices of new types of pate canned Pacific saury, which characterize the positive impact of new products on human health.

In order to implement precise policies to promote the high-quality development of fisheries, better coordinate the structural reform of the supply side of fisheries and expand the domestic demand for aquatic products. Based on the official data of dietary guidelines for Chinese residents, the present situation and future trend of consumption of aquatic products in China are analyzed in this paper. The results show that the consumption structure of aquatic products in China is continuously optimized, and the proportion of high economic aquatic products consumption is increased, and the consumption of aquatic products in China is expected to exceed 35 million tons by 2035. The research shows that the following work should be carried out to meet the demand of upgrading aquatic products consumption in China in the future. (1) To expand the supply channels of aquatic products by asking for food from large surface resources. (2) Vigorously develop aquaculture varieties of high economic value and enhance the supply capacity. (3) Strengthen the support of fishery technology and equipment, and promote the green development of fishery. This study can provide relevant data support for fishery authorities to implement policies, establish a big food concept, plan and layout in advance according to the future market trends of aquatic products, build a diversified food supply system, and promote the high-quality development of fisheries through both supply and demand.

Objective: Comprehensive assessment of the impact of consolidation processes on the financial performance of the Russian fisheries sector from 2014 to 2023. Materials and Methods: The analysis is based on data from the 20 largest holding companies in the fishing industry. Industry concentration was evaluated using the concentration ratio and the Herfindahl-­ Hirschman Index. Correlation and visual analysis were employed to examine the relationship between concentration levels and key financial indicators. Results: The findings indicate that holdings tend to perform better financially during periods of economic stability, yet exhibit increased vulnerability during times of economic turbulence. Scientific novelty: The study used a comprehensive methodology for assessing structural changes in the Russian fishing industry, combining market concentration analysis and financial performance indicators, revealing limitations of certain traditional statistical indicators and highlighting the key role of debt load management under sanctions. Practical Significance: The findings can guide regulators in refining state support programs for the industry, accounting for risks of excessive market concentration and assist enterprises in enhancing financial resilience through improved debt and operational management.

The purpose of the paper is to develop a model that describes the dependence of fishery consumption in the Russian Federation on key factors. We explore theoretical methods for studying demand for fish and fishery products and offer an original approach to solving the problem of increasing the reliability of demand description. We use the econometric modeling method, which is based on classical metrics of lagging change and adaptation of consumer demand (Houthakker-­Taylor, Nerlove). The novelty of our approach lies in taking into account the key factors influencing the consumption of fishery products in the Russian Federation, as well as in the inclusion of dynamic variables in the model. The model allows more reliably than alternative solutions to describe the key characteristic of demand for fishery products – ​ the level of per capita consumption. Testing the model showed a high level of statistical significance and explained variance, which gives grounds to talk about its adequacy. The practical significance of the proposed solution is to improve the scientific support for decisions on regulating the domestic fishery market.

The aim of the study is the scientific and applied specification of corporate culture as a factor in the sustainable development of enterprises in the fisheries sector of the Russian Federation. The study uses the method of scientific review, including selection, analysis, systematization, and logical generalization of information on corporate culture and sustainable development, along with axiomatic and descriptive methods, and basic statistical techniques of transformation and interpretation. The novelty of the research lies in clarifying the economic category of corporate culture and defining it as a key factor in the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises. The study presents a systematically structured description of corporate culture as a scientific and economic concept, substantiates its relevance to sustainable development, highlights its potential in promoting a healthy lifestyle, nutritional security, and the preservation of aquatic bioresources and marine ecosystems. Generalized mission statements for fisheries and aquaculture enterprises are proposed, and corporate culture is defined as a comprehensive concept in the context of sustainability. The practical significance of the research lies in its alignment with the global agenda for sustainable development, particularly in solving issues of food, nutritional, and environmental security through the corporate culture of fisheries enterprises. The presented examples and findings can serve as a starting point for forming an effective corporate culture within individual Russian fishing companies.