The aim of the work: characterization of juveniles released from sturgeon hatcheries into the natural habitat with individual identification of individuals.

   Methods: Ichthyological researches in the Volga River and its watercourses were surveyed using a 4.5 m fry trawl; in the western part of the Northern Caspian, a trawl survey was carried out using a 9 m trawl and the developed grid of stations, adjusted to take into account the sea level decrease. The trophological material was processed by the quantitative-weight method, followed by the calculation of private and general indices of the filling of the digestive tracts. Molecular genetic methods for the analysis of microsatellite loci and sequencing of a fragment of the control region of mitochondrial DNA were used.

   Novelty: the origin of the Russian sturgeon and the contribution of artificial reproduction from Russian sturgeon hatcheries to the Volga- Caspian fishery basin were determined by molecular genetic methods.

   Results: The composition of food organisms and the degree of fattening of Russian sturgeon juveniles after their migration to the sea were determined. The contribution of artificial reproduction from Russian sturgeon hatcheries to the replenishment of the Russian sturgeon population of the Volga- Caspian basin in the period 2016–2021 for fingerlings was averaged 80 %.

   Practical significance: The intensity of downstream migration in the Volga River and its watercourses of juveniles released from sturgeon hatcheries was studied. The presented data was made it possible to determine the main localization sites of Russian sturgeon juveniles depending on the species composition and abundance of food organisms in the northwestern part of the Caspian Sea. Based on the results of genotyping of spawners at sturgeon hatcheries and juveniles caught in the Northern Caspian, an assessment was made of the effectiveness of the work of the sturgeon hatcheries in 2016–2021.

   Purpose: аssessment of individual and long-term variability of birth rates in female fur seals and their impact on the population size.

   Method: analysis of materials of long-term reading of tags on female fur seals tagged with metal tags in 1964–1997.

   Novelty: for the first time, birth rates in females from the generations of 1964–1997 were calculated. throughout their entire life cycle.

   Results: birth rate during the life cycle in females from generations 1964–1997 was estimated, which varied from 0.5 to 3.3 pups per 1 female (including nulliparous females). Significant individual variability of birth rates was established: along with nulliparous females, there were females in generations who gave birth during their lifetime from 1 to 11 puppies. Analysis of the data showed that about a quarter of the females do not participate in reproduction; a third of females give birth to 1 puppy in the life cycle; about a third of the females give birth to 2–4 puppies. Only 8.6 % of females give birth to 5 puppies or more, however, these multiparous females give birth to more than a third of puppies (34.1 %) of the total number of puppies. The contribution to the reproduction of the population in females who gave birth to 1–3 puppies is approximately equal — they give birth to 18–20 % of puppies; it slightly decreases in females who have given birth to 4 puppies (14.5 %). Average population birth rates by years, calculated as the arithmetic mean of generations of females breeding in the corresponding years, significantly correlated with the total number of puppies born in these years (r = 0.64; p < 0.001).

   The aim: Determination of the biological characteristics of fucus algae cenopopulations for the development of recommendations for their rational exploitation.

   Method: The original data obtained in 2020–2022 according to the recommended methods of fisheries research were used.

   Novelty: The size, age and sex structures of cenopopulations and reproduction of three species of fucus algae
of the intertidal zone of the White Sea are analyzed.

   Result: Studies in 2020–2022 in the intertidal zone of Popov Island confirmed the stable state of cenopopulations of commercial fucus algae. Fucus algae settlements in the littoral is a fishing area with dense thickets, an estimated specific stock of 630.3 t/km. Extended sporulation of F. vesiculosus in the area of Popov Island from June to the end of October allows the formation of several age generations of seedlings. Together with vegetative reproduction, this significantly increases the survival of the cenopopulation and its resistance to climatic influences. The age of fertility in the studied areas is less than according to the literature data. In terms of resistance to environmental impact and survival, the dominant species can be put in the following order based on the characteristics of reproduction, area and density of juvenile settlements, and abundance in the intertidal zone: Fucus vesiculosus → Ascophyllum nodosum → Fucus distichus.

   Practical significance: Based on the data on the reproduction of commercial fucus algae near the Karelian coast of the Onega Bay, it is recommended to start harvesting algae in the littoral no earlier than July 1 after the end of the generative period in the most vulnerable species.

   Purpose: Assess the current state of the pink salmon fishery management and determine ways to improve the scientific support of the pink salmon fishing to ensure the rational usage of its stocks.

   Methods used: Analysis of historical data and methods used to assess the state of pink salmon stocks and develop recommendations for their usage.

   Results: Over the past decade, discrepancies between expected and actual returns of pink salmon, to the eastern coast of Sakhalin in particular, have averaged more than double. Those inconsistencies are associated both with many uncertainties in the development of forecasts and with the representativeness of the data used. Wrong estimates form the basis of the submitted fishing strategies, which negatively affects operational fishing management. Using the returns of pink salmon in 2021–2022 as an example, it is shown that the accuracy of forecasting could be higher when using standardized primary data, for which it is necessary to restore the corresponding database, the support of which was interrupted in 2015. It is also proposed to focus on strengthening operational forecasting as a basis for the development of fishery management measures.

   Practical significance: Restoration of the primary database and return to previously well-established methods of fishery management should increase the effectiveness of scientific part in pink salmon fishery of the region.

   Purpose: to investigate the features of the long-term dynamics of codfish stocks in the North Atlantic region as a basis for predicting their state and sustainable fishing (exploitation).

   Materials: data on spawning stock biomass, abundance of recruitment at age 0 to 3 years, survival indices at early ontogenesis stage for 11 Atlantic cod stocks, 6 Atlantic haddock stocks, and 4 saithe stocks for the period 1946–2020

   Methods: a comparative analysis of the above time series based on their statistical processing.
   Novelty: For the first time, a 50–60-year cycle which characterizes the long-term variations of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index, were revealed in the long-term fluctuations of the Northeast Arctic cod recruitment. This assumes a relationship in the long-term variations of two parameters under consideration.

   Results: The significant interannual variability of all characteristics was identified for each of the 21 commercial fish stocks under consideration. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between changes in recruitment abundance of Atlantic cod in the Northwest Atlantic and Atlantic cod, Atlantic haddock, and saithe in the areas of Greenland, Iceland, North and Baltic Seas. Changes in the recruitment abundance of Labrador cod and Northeast Arctic cod in the Barents Sea are opposite.

   Practical significance: the results of this work can be used to improve the methods of the medium-range and long-range forecasts of codfish catches in the North Atlantic region.

   The aim of the paper is to assess the impact of climate changes and oceanographic conditions on the distribution of cod stocks in the Barents Sea in recent decades.

   The material for the study was oceanographic data obtained during surveys in the Barents Sea by PINRO and other available information on hydrometeorological conditions of the sea in 1981–2021, as well as data on
Russian catches of cod in the Barents Sea based on bottom trawl fishing operations.

   Methods of descriptive statistics as well as comparative, correlation and regression analyses were applied.

   Results: The modern changes in the climate and oceanographic conditions of the Barents Sea are described. Since the early 1980s, the warming has been observed against the background of increasing storm activity, having peaked in 2016. After that, despite still warm and low-ice conditions, there has been a cooling trend in the Barents Sea. Under climate changes in recent decades, cod made increasingly long migrations north and east, spreading more widely in the feeding areas. The most informative predictors in assessing the impact
of climate changes and oceanographic conditions on the distribution of cod stocks in the Barents Sea were Arctic ice extent, area-averaged temperature at a depth of 100 m, Atlantic water area in the 50–100 m layer, and parameters of the Barents Sea thermal frontal zones.

   Practical significance: The obtained results are useful for a better understanding of the processes occurring in the Barents Sea ecosystem and, in the future, will be used to predict cod distributions in the sea, depending on oceanographic conditions and climate changes.

   The purpose of the work: revealing the features of the distribution of the catches of aquatic biological resources by area, timing and fishing gear in the course of modern fishery in the Russian waters of the Bering Sea.

   Methods used: the catches of marine fish and invertebrates were considered based on operational information on the fishery according to the data of daily ship reports of the sectoral monitoring system. The ratio of the catch of the main species of aquatic biological resources and by-catch objects in 10 fishing gear was analyzed according to the data of 50 marine and 28 coastal expeditions.
   Novelty: elements of novelty are generalized materials on the spatial and bathymetric distribution of the catch of the main fishing objects for the fishing industry in the western part of the Bering Sea for the period 2003–2021. The distribution of catches of aquatic organisms is given by types of vessels used in the fishery, depths and terms of fishing, as well as various fishing gear. Data on the ratio in commercial catches of both individual fish species and some species in the combined groups of «flounders», «rockfishes», «sculpins», «skates» and «grenadiers» are presented.
   Practical significance: the results of this study can be used in forecasting the dynamics of stocks of aquatic biological resources, creating a system of interlocked quotas and formulating recommendations for the transition of specialized fisheries to multi-species fisheries.

   Based on the results of ichthyological monitoring, the structure of the catches of fixed, ring and smooth nets, as well as the fry seine for sections of the upper and lower reaches of the Moscow River in 2010–2018 is presented. There were no significant changes in the composition of the ichthyofauna of the Moscow River above the capital compared to the 80–90s of the twentieth century. In the middle and lower reaches of the river, limnophile fish dominate in number and biomass. The share of invasive and previously not accounted for in catches of species in the fish population of the Moscow River by the 20s of the XXI century is already 38 % (17 species), although the occurrence in catches does not exceed 1.3 %.

   The aim of the work is to analyze the dynamics of the ichthyofauna and determine the fish productivity of various sections of the Moscow River according to the results of ichthyological monitoring of the freshwater fish laboratory of the VNIRO Federal State Budgetary Institution for 2010–2018.

   Methods used: the collection of ichthyological material was carried out by active and passive net fishing gear. The estimation of the number and biomass of fish was carried out according to traditional methods of direct accounting using smooth and ring nets, as well as a fry seine.

   Novelty: for the first time during the period of ichthyological research, information is provided on the structure of catches for various sections of the Moscow River according to the hydrological regime. The indicators of fish biomass calculated on the basis of fishing with various tools are presented. The presence of new alien species in the ichthyofauna of the Moscow River at the present stage of its ecosystem existence has been revealed.

   Practical significance: the results of the work allow us to assess the dynamics of the composition of the fish population and the structure of ichthyocenoses for different sections of the river according to the hydrological regime. The estimation of the number and biomass of fish is necessary to predict the recommended catch of the most significant objects of amateur fishing. Assessment of the state of populations of fish species uncharacteristic for the basin of the Moscow River makes it possible to understand the mechanism of invasive processes and the degree of adaptation of intruders in the conditions of the ecosystem of the Moscow River.

   The aim of the research is to evaluate the structural and biological parameters of the spawning stock of the turukhanskaya form of the Siberian vendace Coregonus sardinella (Valenciennes, 1848) from the Yenisei River and the state of the commercial stock of this fish species in the period from 2014 to 2021.

   Research methods: in the research used the ichthyological material collected in the period from 2014 to 2021 in the lower reaches of the Yenisei River (near the Dudinka town and the village of Levinsky Sands). Processing of ichthyological materials was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The number of spawning herds of Siberian vendace was calculated using a virtual population analysis in Galland’s modification. Instant natural mortality rates by age groups were calculated using the method of L. A. Zykov.

   Results: According to the control catches, the age of the spawning stock of the turukhanskaya form of Siberian vendace in the Yenisei River was 2+–9+ years. Fish aged 4+ years, which in different years constituted from 47 to 68 % of the spawning stock, dominated in the population. The average long-term age of the spawning population in the study period was 4.2 years. The ratio of females and males in the spawning herd was close to 1:1 on average. Individual absolute fecundity of fishes varied in the range from 1.9 to 12.5 thousand eggs, increasing with increasing age and size of females. The average population fecundity is 2.6–5.3 thousand eggs. The number and biomass of the spawning herd in different years varied from 11.0 to 30.5 thousand individuals and from 630 to 1738 tons, respectively.

   Practical significance: the obtained results about the dynamics and structure of the spawning stock of the semi-anadromous form of the Siberian vendace from Yenisei River for the period from 2014 to 2021 will be used for prognostic purposes in the preparation of materials substantiating the volumes of the recommended catch in the basin of the Yenisei River.

   Conclusion: Based on the results of the analysis of the age, size-weight and sex structure, it was shown that the state of stocks of the semi-anadromous turukhanskaya form of the Siberian vendace in the Yenisei River is currently in a satisfactory condition.

   Purpose of work: comparative analysis of the available methodological approaches to the assessment of the amount of commercial fish species taken by IUU fishing and IUU bycatch in the implementation of fisheries on the example of individual regions of the Russian Federation, including inland water bodies of different fishery basins.

   Methods used: comparative analysis of methodological materials on assessment of IUU fishing, used in different branches of VNIRO.

   Novelty: for the first time an analysis of various methods for assessing the extraction of commercial fish species by IUU fishing has been conducted; the presented generalized data on the assessment of illegal catches in different fishery basins of the Russian Federation show that the amount of IUU fishing is the volume which often exceeds the values of the total allowable catches (TAC) and the recommended volumes of production (catch) of aquatic bioresources.

   Practical significance: Refinement of methodical approaches of estimation of IUU fishing and IUU bycatch will allow receiving a characteristic picture of size of IUU fishing for various fishery basins taking into account specifics of fishery basins, species composition of catches and applied gears of catch. The resulting data on the value of IUU-catch of commercial fish species will be used to clarify (adjust) the projected volume of production (catch) of commercial fish in Russia.

   The purpose of this work is to analyze long-term changes in oceanographic indicators in the southeastern area of the northwestern Black Sea in November-December 2000–2021, which determine the migration activity and fishery performance of the Black Sea hammerhead off the coast of Crimea.

   Materials and methods used: The fishery statistics, data of information system Copernicus Marine Service of satellite altimetry and surface temperature of waters near the western coast of the Crimean Peninsula in November-December 2000–2021, graphic and statistical methods of the analysis of these data were used in work.

   Novelty: The element of novelty in the work is the use of oceanographic satellite data in the study of the behaviour of the Black Sea anchovy and long-term changes in its catch off the coast of Crimea.

   Result: During the period under consideration, the tendency of catch increase of the Black Sea anchovy of the Crimean coast is obvious. The main reasons for the activation of the autumn migration of the Black Sea anchovy to the shores of Crimea is a multi-year increase in sea surface temperature and the strengthening of south-eastern currents to the west of the Crimean Peninsula.

   Practical significance: The revealed causes of the mass autumn approaches of the Black Sea anchovy to the Crimean coast allow hoping for possibilities of their use in forecasting the results of the Black Sea anchovy fishing in the  Crimean fishing area, and also give grounds for continuing research with special attention to monitoring of the Black Sea anchovy occurrence on the Crimean shelf.

   Purpose of the work: assessing the spatial and temporal variability of thermal conditions in waters of various origins in the Norwegian Sea in the first decades of the 21^st century.

   Materials: oceanographic data collected during the International Ecosystem Surveys in the Norwegian Sea in 2000–2021.

   Methods used: comparative data analysis, descriptive statistics methods, correlation analysis.

   Results: the “boxes”, temperature in which most fully describes the change in the temperature of the Atlantic and Subarctic waters of the Norwegian Sea, were identified. This is confirmed by the high correlation coefficients of temperature in the “boxes” with the water temperature over a wide area of distribution of waters of various origins. The interannual temperature variability in the “boxes” was studied with the separation of warm and cold periods. An assessment of the interannual variability of the distribution boundaries of the Atlantic and subarctic waters is made by the position of isotherms at different horizons. A statistically significant relationship is shown between changes in the temperature of Atlantic and Subarctic waters according to the “boxes” data and changes in the boundaries of the distribution of water masses and the position of the frontal zone between them.

   Practical significance: the results of the analysis of in situ data from annual areal surveys make it possible to estimate the interannual variability of the thermal state of waters of various origins in the Norwegian Sea in the absence of standard sections and can be used to predict the distribution of pelagic fish in the sea area depending on oceanographic conditions.

   This aims to justify the requirements for updating the current national standard GOST R56418–2015 «Canned
fish liver, caviar and milt «Po-Murmanski». Specifications», taking into consideration the results from quality
measurements of canned fresh minced cod liver.

   Research methods: Sensory analysis of food and the titrimetric method with visible indication was applied. This paper summarizes the results from measurements of the fat acidity value in canned food that was made in compliance with GOST R56418–2015 in marine environments from 2016 to 2021. We made an assessment to justify the expiry dates and storage requirements for canned food under the two temperature conditions. The paper defines the main provisions of the standard that require updating.

   Results: This paper proves the practicability of updating the standard GOST R56418–2015 by such ways as follows: changing the expiry dates of canned cod (haddock) liver «Po-Murmanski» under different storage conditions, applying the standard instrumental procedure to estimate the fat acidity value, using a geographical indication in labeling as a modern way of product differentiation. The paper shows dynamics in the fat acidity value during the storage of canned food made of fresh minced cod liver under the two temperature conditions. The paper demonstrates correlations between the fat acidity value and the organoleptic properties of canned food that was made of fresh and frozen fish in compliance with the existing various reference documents on standardization.

   Practical relevance: The results from this study will be used to update GOST R56418–2015. After public discussions and approval under the established procedure, the updated national standard will be demanded by factories and companies.

      The aim: evaluate natural canned Japanese mackerel as specialized products for dietary nutrition based on indicators of nutritional and biological value, as well as lipid health indices.

   The methods: The nutritional (chemical composition) and biological value of canned Japanese mackerel, the composition of lipids and fatty acids were studied, on the basis of which lipid indices of atherogenicity, thrombogenicity and hypocholesterolemic coefficient were calculated, characterizing the dietary properties of canned Japanese mackerel.

   The results: It has been established that the process of high-temperature preservation of Japanese mackerel does not cause significant changes in the nutrient composition of the product. Canned Japanese mackerel is characterized by a high content of phospholipids (7.80 ± 1.1 of the total lipids or 1.41 ± 0.3 g per 100 g of the product) and PUFAs of the omega-3 family (32.26 % of the number of fatty acids). The index of atherogenicity of the lipid profile of canned food was 0.57, thrombogenicity — 0.16, and hypocholesterolemic coefficient — 2.80.

   Conclusions: Canned Japanese mackerel are characterized by high nutritional and biological value and are a rich source of essential lipids. The lipid indices of canned Japanese mackerel characterize the potential for the product to normalize lipid metabolism in humans and reduce the risk of developing diseases of the cardiovascular system.

   The newness: Based on a new methodological approach to assessing the lipid profile of canned Japanese mackerel, a possible positive effect of the product on cholesterol metabolism and the rate of thrombus formation in human blood vessels was shown.

   The practical significance: Natural canned food from Japanese mackerel can be recommended for inclusion in the diet of certain population groups as specialized products for dietary preventive nutrition.

   The purpose of the investigation is to study factors and tendencies of sustainable development of the Russian Federation fisheries industry.

   Methods used are dialectical and analytical as well as classification presented by the group of factors of sustainable development of fisheries industry according to the level of developing process from global to local, synthesis method allows combining study objects into a whole unit and making conclusions setting the tendencies for industry development.

   Novelty element is systemization of factors determining the sustainable development of the Russian Federation fisheries industry taking into account specific features of its functioning and existing tendencies in the industry.

   Research results. The key factors, determinants and development potential of the Russian Federation fisheries industry are defined based on the data analysis concerning about the state of the raw material base of fishing, the volume of production of products from aquatic biological resources, the ratio of fishing and aquaculture products, as well as data characterizing the industry investment activity of «fishing and fish-farming sectors», the level and labor productivity movements as well as average monthly salary for workers, business profitability ratio and etc.

   The practical significance consists in the possibility of using the research results for developing a set of measures for the efficiency of the Russian Federation fisheries industry functioning improvement.

   The purpose of this work is to assess the state of the red king crab population, as well as to collect related information about other types of invertebrates found in the study area.

   Materials and methods: a total of 114 trawl stations were made onboard the R/V Professor Boyko at depths from 42 to 185 m, which made it possible to cover a water area of 46.6 thousand square meters. km. Calculations of population density and biomass of organisms are given. Also, for the densest concentrations of invertebrates, the temperature and distribution depths were determined.

   Results of the study: the basis of trawl catches on the shelf of the south-eastern part of the Barents Sea was 8 species of commercial and by-catch of 34 species of non-commercial invertebrates, assigned to 6 groups of different taxa. The paper provides information on the biological state, distribution and biomass.
   The practical significance lies in the provision of annual forecasting materials on the total allowable catches of bottom commercial aquatic species for the Barents Sea.