The distribution, abundance and biomass of an invasive blood ark Anadara kagoshimensis (Bivalvia) were investigated on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea (from the Kerch Strait to Adler) in 2001 and 2012. The occurrence of this species and habitat depth range (10–65 m) did not change within the 12 years. In both surveys maximum abundance and biomass were registered at 20–35 m depth of. In shallow water near the Kerch Strait species abundance and biomass were similar in 2001 and 2012. However, on the narrow shelf to the south of Novorossiysk, blood arks’ abundance and biomass were about an order of magnitude smaller in 2012 in comparison to 2001. Analysis of population dynamics was carried out during 2001–2016 on one transect located in the Inal Bay. After an explosive increase in the early 2000s, stabilization of abundance and biomass has been observed since 2006. At the depth of 10–15 m the abundance and biomass of blood arks were on average lower than in the depth range of 20–30 m regardless of the year of study. The main factors determining the distribution and population dynamics were the level of sediment siltation, competition with native pelophilic species and the presence of a substrate for byssus attachment of blood arks’ spat.

Arabesque greenling Pleurogrammus azonus important commercial species in the waters of Russia and Japan. In the Russian waters of the Sea of Japan, a regular study of its biology carried out in the water area of Primorsky krai, where annual trawl surveys performed. Growth of this species is a coherent deterministic process with a pronounced staging of ontogenesis and a changing priority of physiological processes at different stages of development. The first two years dominated by the accumulation of matter, and then — the cyclic alternation of the phases of assimilation and dissimilation. In sexually mature individuals, the cyclicity of physiological processes is almost identical. Thus, somatic and generative growth go synchronously, as well as fat accumulation in combination with nutrition. The last two processes go with a month’s advance. The hereditary growth program of the Arabesque greenling does not define a rigidly assigned chronological rhythm, but is corrected by phenotypic self-adjustment to environmental conditions. In individuals of the same age, but of different biological states, physiological and migratory processes proceed in a similar way. The first five years of life, the mortality of individuals carried out by adaptive selection mechanisms. Clear signs of aging in some individuals do not appear even in the last year of life. The mortality in extreme ages is a consequence of “phenotype” — programmed death. The processes of body renewal in females are much more effective than in males, which contributes to their longer life. 

The method of compose the von Bertalanffy growth equation, based on the use of the regression of experimental data by an function of exponential rise to maximum, available in applied computer programs is proposed. The developed method of simplicity of practical application is characterized and can be used in the absence of regular observations. For the Black Sea sprat and anchovy, living on the western shelf of the Crimea, the equations of growth in length of von Bertalanffy has been compiled according to the developed method, and also the errors in determining the parameters of the equation due to the errors in measuring the length of fish have been estimated. The age of the fish for which the developed equations are applicable is defined. The averaged curves for the growth of the Black Sea sprat and anchovy are given, and also the limits in which the deviations in the length of individuals due to seasonal and individual characteristics of biological development are found with a probability of 95%. On the basis of the obtained growth equations, the average monthly increase in the length of sprat and anchovy for different age groups is calculated. The obtained results can be used in ichthyological studies, as well as in the fishing industry in calculating the growth rates of commercial fish stocks and calculating production characteristics. 

Particular attention is paid to the description of cunene horse mackerel migration which has a determining influence on the fishery nature during this period. As a source material, daily vessel reports (SSDs), database on reconstructed trawling positions of fishing vessels, satellite data on sea surface temperature (SST) and information on length composition of catches according to the SSD data on the assortment of fish production were used. In the period under study, dynamics of the species composition shows a steady increase in the share of cunene horse mackerel in the catches yielded from August to March. The dates for beginning and ending of the migration of cunene horse mackerel and mackerel species associated with it in the waters of Mauritania are determined. The migration of fish from the Moroccan EEZ usually occurs in the interval between the first decade of November and the first decade of December, at the SST in the range of 20,5–22,5 °C. It ends in the period from the third decade of January to the third decade of February, at the SST within the range of 18,0–20,5 °C. Duration of the presence of cunene horse mackerel mass concentrations in the EEZ of Mauritania during the period of the autumn-winter migration fluctuated within 43–91 days averaging 67 days. It is shown that the migration of commercial concentrations occurs over the depths from 50 to 500 m, mainly along the border of the coastal zone prohibited for fishing. Therefore, even minor fluctuations in the channel of concentrations migrating to the east or west radically change the fishing situation. The most efficient fishery in the autumn-winter period is possible from December to January when the maximum daily catch volume and the optimum species composition of catches are noted. 

Photomicrographs of skin with red and orange coloration presented for fish: chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in nuptial coloration, guppy males (Poecilia reticulata), green swordtail males (Xihophorus hellery), goldfish (Carassius auratus) and european perch (Perca fluviatilis). Typical erythrophores were noted in the caudal fin of pecillids (guppies and green swordtailes). Pigment inclusions that were not organized in chromatophores are found in the tail fin of the goldfish. Pigments are pterine compounds in pecillids and goldfish. Skin of chum and perch is colored due to carotenoid pigments, which were not organized in chromatophores. 

We systematically monitored seasonal dynamics of walrus numbers, sex and age composition, disturbance and mortality at the coastal haulout on the Meeskyn Cape of the Meeskyn Spit Island (Chukotka, Russia) are made. Low numbers of walruses used the coastal haulout irregularly — during 3 years of monitoring (2003, 2005, 2007), with maximum annual counts ranging from 3505 to 4700. Walruses also actively used the water area near the easternmost tip of the island the Spit of Meeskyn, the cape Retkyn (up to 5500 individuals). The Meeskyn Cape haulout was composed primarily of males age of 6 years and older (annual composition range: 45,5% to 57%). Small boats often traveled near shore close to the haulout, and occasionally visitors came to the haulout itself. We observed 17 cases of disturbance of walruses on the haulout, of which 7 resulted in walruses flushing into the water. The majority of cases of disturbance of walruses on a haulout were due to natural reasons (n=14), however the greatest number of the animals (4000 individuals) who have descended in water has been connected with anthropogenic factors. Few dead walruses were observed (n=26), and harvest losses (both legal and/or illegal) were the main reason for death of animals (n=14), however some deaths may have been due to killer whales attacks (n=6). 

Schoolmaster squid fishery in Russia seas progress constantly since late 1960-es. The whole history of this kind of fishery may be divided for some periods depending from main fishery areas, catches value, stocks management methods and influence of social and economic factors. Main fishing grounds were around Cоmmander Islands during the first period. Second period characterized by shift of main fishing grounds to central Kurile Islands, and after that to north Kurile Islands, together with progressive increase of the total annual catch. This period finished with total catches decrease at early 1990-s. Current period starts in mid‑1990-s. It is characterized by rather stable increase of total catches and by increase of the role of South-East Kamchatka and the Bering Sea in total catches. This periodization caused by different natural, social and economical factors. The future of schoolmaster squid fishery will be determined by choice of stock management methods. 

Article analyzes the existing terms of restriction of commercial and recreational fishing of the Volga-Caspian fishery basin. The necessity of changing these terms is shown. Water temperature was determining as main factor of fish spawning. Values of water temperature at which there comes spawning most important commercial species of fish in the field relation at the spawning species (pike, pike perch, bream, roach, carp) were used. Normaly period of fish spawning in waters of the Volga-Caspian fishery basin is extended 1–2 months. But the period of mass fish spawning is relatively short, and determined by the achievement of the optimal for spawning water temperature and the total amount of heat. The timing and duration spawning the same species of fish, inhabiting water located in different natural and climatic zones, may significantly different. For determining multiyear time frame achieving of spawning water temperatures were analyzed hydrological yearbooks compiled by data of gauging stations on reservoirs, large and medium-sized rivers. Distribution maps are constructed, proposed zoning of regions of the Volga-Caspian fishery basin to overcome water temperature values, 4, 9, 12 °C, which cover the beginning of the spawning season. 

The aim of this work was to study the growth and chemical composition of skeletal muscle of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, grown in the farm “Khlong-Klang” of South Vietnam on a high plateau (about 1.5 km above sea level). For the study were selected 27 individuals of the trout at the age of 21 months. and samples 5 types of feed. We measured the length and weight of fish in samples of muscle and feed was determined by the water content and dry matter, fat, protein, minerals, nitrogen-free extractives in the feed was determined by the content of fiber and metabolizable energy. Rainbow trout at the age of 21 months had a length of 33.9±0.5 cm (29 to 38 cm), the average weight of 407±20 g (from 180 to 580 g). Fatness trout on Fulton on average was 1.03±0.02 (from 0.79 to 1.24). The fatness by Clark — 0.97±0.02 (from 0.75 to 1.16). Skeletal muscle trout contained the water 73.9±0.4% of dry matter — 26.1±0.4% of it protein 18.9±0.3%, fat — 4.0±0.9%, ash content of 1.4±0.3% and BEV — 1.8±0.2%. Low weight and fatness studied trout associated with the conditions of fish farming. The content of basic nutrients and metabolizable energy in feed used in fish farming, much lower values are recommended for rainbow trout. In general, the climatic conditions for growing trout in a high mountain plateau and the absence of a stable feeding system significantly affect the on fish growth, but to a much lesser extent on the chemical composition of skeletal muscle. 

Although hydroacoustic telemetry appeared in fishing and research boats much later hydroacoustic fishfinding equipment it is now this equipment is increasingly used on fishing boats. The development of hydroacoustic telemetry in the fishing industry began in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Engineers and designers of the fishing industry have played an important role in the development of hydroacoustic fishing telemetry especially Division of Marine Electronics BaltNIRO, then NPO fishing industry. In the early 60’s, the analysis and experimental studies of the most feasible data transmission channels from the trawl to the ship were carried out. Devices for monitoring the trawl parameters of fish in their area of operation with a cable communication channel based on logging cables with automatic output and cable sampling were developed. A lot of attention was paid to the research and development of devices to control the degree of filling the trawl with fish. As a result, the instruments “Ulov and Ulov‑2”, “Oberon “and further “Eridan” were developed and introduced for the first time in the practice of vessels’ work. Such devices were developed by foreign firms later. Much attention was paid to the research and development of devices for monitoring the skew and symmetry of the trawl. Acoustic telemetry can help in determining the coefficients of catchability and selectivity of fishing trawls. The development of microelectronics and multi-window display systems has contributed significantly to the development and improvement of fishery telemetry of fishing gears. Especially in recent decades trawl sonars with vertical and horizontal scanning have been developed. Specialists of our fishing industry also for the first time in the world practice created and introduced in practice instruments for controlling the characteristics of the trawl “Actinia” directly in the process of its operation using hydroacoustic control signals. 

The main source of chitin-containing raw material (CCRM) is waste from processing of various types of crustaceans — crabs, shrimps, krill, etc. The work describes methods of obtaining chitin and its derivative chitosan. Chitin, as an insoluble polymer, can’t be separated from CCRM directly: you need to remove consistently the protein and mineral components of CCRM for chitin obtaining (deproteinization (DP) and demineralization (DM) processes, respectively). Chemical treatment is the standard way for CCRM treatment which includes the DP process with a solution of alkali (NaOH), and the DM process with a solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl). The biotechnological process involves the use of enzymes of various origins for deproteinization of CCRM to mitigate the conditions for chitin obtaining and for improving its quality. Electrochemical and electrophysical methods are the alternative way for chitin producing. Analysis of literature data showed that chitin is mainly considered as a raw material for the production of chitosan, widely used in various industries such as food, cosmetic, medical and biotechnology. The efficiency of the production of large amounts of chitin/chitosan, which allows to get high profit by reducing direct production costs and production costs. It is established that the European market is largely aimed at the production of high value-added biopolymers chitin/chitosan using innovative difficult reproducible technology and marketing advances. 

In the end of 2016 South Korea Kingdom got newbuild expeditionary research vessel of new generation «Isabu». The ship is capable to fulfill all types of scientific and research tasks including seismic and fishing investigations. Designing and building is developed by STX Shipbuilding & Marine Construction with taking into account ICES Recommendations N 209 about reduction of ship noise. As a result, according to Norwegian DNV register the vessel had been classified as “Silent-R” class on its noise level. It allows to carry out fisheries researches using scientific echo sounder EK‑60. Design features and scientific qualities of the vessel are described. 

The materials of the research of crab fishery in the southwestern part of the Sea of Okhotsk in December 2017 were presented. During the operational monitoring of the fishery of the brown king crab (Paralithodes brevipes), other species of commercial crab encountered in by-catch were studied simultaneously: the red king crab (P. camtschaticus) and the korean horsehair crab (Erimacrus isenbeckii). Also, data were collected on a small the helmet or horse crab (Teimessus cheiragonus). The tools of the trap were Japanesetype cone traps, arranged in order. The species observed in the catch were counted according to the size-sex groups, and a random sample of crabs was taken from several traps to perform the biological analysis. To describe the relationship between the filling of limbs with muscle tissue in crabs and the protein content in the hemolymph, relevant data are collected. The results of the conducted studies indicate that in the Aniva Bay area the commercial part in populations of the brown king crab and the korean horsehair crab is in a satisfactory state, and the population of the red king crab is characterized by the beginning of the restoration of numbers. 

The paper contains information on expeditions conducted in 2017 on the water reservoirs and rivers of the Moscow, Tula, Ryazan, Orel and Smolensk regions to assess the abiotic indicators of the habitat of aquatic living resources. The characteristic of the hydrological and hydrochemical conditions of aquatic living resources during different seasons of 2017 is given. According to hydrochemical indicators it is shown that the majority of studied water reservoirs can be referred to water reservoirs with favorable ecological conditions for fish habitat. The exceptions were the waters of the Khimki, Shatsky and Lyubovsky reservoirs and the Oka River in the vicinity of Orel and Kolomna, which were characterized as “dirty” due to high anthropogenic pollution.