Phylogenetic analysis and molecular epidemiological characteristics of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus isolates from rainbow trout in Russian fish farms
https://doi.org/10.36038/2307-3497-2025-201-96-108
EDN: CXOPFC
Abstract
The aim of the work is to determine the origin and potential routes of spread of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) of trout in fish farms of the Russia based on an assessment of the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiological relationships of isolates.
Methods used: Standard virological methods for isolating fish viruses on cell lines were used. Identification was performed using RT-PCR, and sequencing was performed by Sanger. Comparative analysis and a search for closely related IHNV nucleotide sequences were performed using the GenBank database. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using neighbor-joining methods.
The study revealed that most Russian IHNV isolates from rainbow trout clustered within the European E group, with a few falling into the U group. Analysis of the obtained data revealed that the virus was imported to Russia at least twice: first from the United States, likely in the 1990s, and then from Europe in 2014-2017, most likely from Italy. It is hypothesized that the subsequent spread of the pathogen in Russian fish farms occurred through transfer via water, birds, and animals, as well as through the movement of infected planting material within Russia. The adaptation pathway of the virus, originally enzootic for US sockeye salmon and belonging to the U genogroup, to rainbow trout and its subsequent transformation into the E genogroup in Europe is demonstrated.
Practical significance: The results are important for improving IHNV surveillance, diagnosis, and control systems in Russian fish farms, as well as for developing measures to contain the further spread of the virus.
About the Authors
S. L. Rudakova
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography («VNIRO»)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
19, Okruzhnoy proezd, Moscow, 105187
E. A. Tyurina-Kuzmina
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography («VNIRO»)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
19, Okruzhnoy proezd, Moscow, 105187
A. V. Cherenkov
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography («VNIRO»)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
19, Okruzhnoy proezd, Moscow, 105187
N. S. Mugue
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography («VNIRO»)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
19, Okruzhnoy proezd, Moscow, 105187
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Review
For citations:
Rudakova S.L., Tyurina-Kuzmina E.A., Cherenkov A.V., Mugue N.S. Phylogenetic analysis and molecular epidemiological characteristics of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus isolates from rainbow trout in Russian fish farms. Trudy VNIRO. 2025;201:96-108. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.36038/2307-3497-2025-201-96-108. EDN: CXOPFC
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