Comparative analysis of the output products of pollock and the main commercial cod fish species

The purpose of this study is to identify general trends affecting changes in the values of the output of products from pollock and other commercial species of cod fish, and also includes a comparative analysis of the nutritional value of products from pollock and cod to provide objective recommendations to consumers of fish products.

Methods used: To conduct a comparative analysis, data on the output of frozen products, reference materials and publications on the characteristics of growth, puberty, seasonal changes in biological parameters, fatness coefficient for walleye pollock, northeastern arctic and Baltic cod, Pacific cod were used. In accordance with the “Methodology for determining the consumption rates of raw materials in the production of products from aquatic organisms”, in order to compare the data, the coefficients of consumption of raw materials for the production of products were recalculated.

Novelty: a comparative analysis of the change in the values of the output of products from pollock and the main commercial species of cod fish was carried out for various types of cutting in conjunction with the annual dynamics of biological parameters.

Result: the general trends of changes in the output of pollock, northeastern arctic, Baltic and Pacific cod were determined. Based on the results of a comparative analysis of the nutritional value of products from pollock and cod, recommendations are presented to consumers of fish products.

Practical significance: it has been established that inter-s easonal changes in the output of walleye pollock products average 0,5 %, and the output of Pacific cod changes by 5,4–5,5 %, in northeastern arctic cod the difference in output by season can reach up to 5,7 %, in Baltic cod up to 4,5 %. Cod is more depleted in the pre-spawning period, unlike pollock, so pollock processing is more rational.

1. Amosova V. M., Zezera A. S., Karpushevskaya A. I., Karpushevsky I. V., Patokina F. A., Dmitrieva M. A., Vinokur M. L., Shumilova K. Yu. 2017. Biological and hydrological components characterizing long-term changes and the current state of the cod Gadus morhua callarias in the Baltic Sea (Gdansk Basin, 26th ICES subarea) // Problems of Fisheries. T. 18, No. 1. P. 42–51 (In Russ.).

2. Amosova V. M., Zezera A. S., Karpushevskaya A. I., Karpushevskiy I. V. 2019. On the minimum commercial size of cod Gadus morhua callarias in the Baltic Sea // Problems of Fisheries. T. 20. No. 1.P. 73–82. (In Russ.).

3. Bogoyavlenskaya M. P. 1977. Physiological and biochemical features of the cod of the North Sea // Trudy VNIRO. T. 121. P. 73–81. (In Russ.).

4. Buslov A. V. 2003. Pollock growth and size-age structure of its populations. Abstract dis. … cand. biol. sciences. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: KamchatNIRO. 24 p. (In Russ.).

5. Bykov V. P. Handbook on the chemical composition and technological properties of marine and oceanic fish. — M.: VNIRO Publishing House, 1998.— 224 p. ISBN 5–85382– 110–5.

6. Varkentin A. I. 2015. Seasonal dynamics of gonadal maturity and fatness indicators of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk // Izvestiya TINRO. T. 180. P. 77–92. (In Russ.).

7. Varkentin A. I., Sergeeva N. P., Ilyin O. I., Ovsyannikov E. E. 2021. Fishing, size and age composition, state of stocks and prospects for catching walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus, Pallas, 1814) in the water area adjacent to the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Northern Kuril Islands // Research of aquatic biological resources of Kamchatka and the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Release. 60. Р. 5–42. DOI: 10.15853/2072–8212.2021.60.5–42. (In Russ.).

8. Datsky A. V. 2019 a. The raw material base of fisheries and its use in the Russian waters of the Bering Sea. Message 2. Interannual dynamics of the predicted and actual catch of aquatic biological resources at the present stage and in the historical perspective // Trudy VNIRO. T. 177. Р. 70–122. (In Russ.).

9. Datsky A. V. 2019 b. The raw material base of fisheries and its use in the Russian waters of the Bering Sea. Message 3. Seasonal dynamics of catch of aquatic biological resources. // Trudy VNIRO. T. 178. Р. 112–149. (In Russ.).

10. Glubokov A. I. 2005. Biology and population structure of pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the northern part of the Bering Sea. Abstract dis. … doc. biol. sciences. Moscow: VNIRO. 52 р. (In Russ.).

11. Kim Seng Tok. 2016. New information on the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the northeastern waters of Sakhalin Island // Problems of Fisheries. T. 17. No. 1.P. 63–71. (In Russ.).

12. Krivobok M. N., Tarkovskaya O. I. 1964. Chemical characteristics of yellowfin flounder, cod and walleye pollock in the southeastern part of the Bering Sea // Trudy VNIRO. T. 49. P. 257–272. (In Russ.).

13. Krivobok M. N., Tokareva G. I. 1972. Dynamics of body weight and individual organs of the Baltic cod during the maturation of the genital products // Trudy VNIRO. T. 85. P. 46–55. (In Russ.).

14. Kupina N. M., Bashtova A. N., Pavel K. G. 2015. Studies of the chemical composition, biological value and safety of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the Great Peter Bay // Izvestiya TINRO. T. 180. P. 310–319. (In Russ.).

15. Lipskaya N. Ya., Uzars D. V., Chekunova V. I., Shatunovsky M. I. 1972. Some aspects of the energy exchange of the Baltic cod // Trudy VNIRO. T. 85. P. 81–85. (In Russ.).

16. Maslennikova N. V. 1970. Seasonal changes in the nutritional value of the Baltic cod // Trudy VNIRO. T. 73. P. 73–86. (In Russ.).

17. Methods for determining the consumption rates of raw materials in the production of products from hydrobionts. 2002. M.: VNIRO Press. 270 p. (In Russ.).

18. Naumenko E. A. 2014. Nutritional value of fish semi-finished products with functional properties from Baltic cod // Vestnik AGTU. Series: Fisheries No. 1. P. 97–103. (In Russ.). (In Russ.).

19. Penkin M. A., Sytova M. V., Kharenko E. N. 2010. Russian-Norwegian cooperation on the development of conversion factors for products from cod and haddock of the Barents and Norwegian Seas // Trudy VNIRO. T. 149. P. 258–263. (In Russ.).

20. Penkin M. A., Yarichevskaya N. N. 2016. Analysis of conversion factors for some types of products from northeastern Arctic cod and haddock // Trudy VNIRO. T. 159. P. 5–12. (In Russ.).

21. Rambeza E. F. Odintsova T. S., Karpushevsky I. V., Kharenko E. N., Odintsov V. A. 2007. The practice of introducing technological regulation into the regulation of the Baltic cod fishery // Abstr. report intl. sci.-tech. conf. «Production of fish products: problems, new technologies, quality». Kaliningrad: AtlantNIRO. P. 205–210. (In Russ.).

22. Savin A. B. 2016. Spawning grounds for the Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean // Izvestiya TINRO. T. 187. P. 48–71. (In Russ.).

23. Sergeeva N. P. 2020. Dynamics of mass and liver indices in cod fish of Eastern Kamchatka in connection with maturation of gonads // Issled. aq. biol. resources of Kamchatka and northwest. parts of the Pacific Ocean. Release. 59. P. 5–26. DOI: 10.15853/2072–8212.2020.59.5–26. (In Russ.).

24. Sopina A. V., Kharenko E. N., Yarichevskaya N. N. 2022. Updating the rates of output of pollock processing products based on statistical analysis of experimental data. Message 2. Updating the rates of walleye pollock processing products in the West Bering Sea, East Kamchatka, North and South Kuril zones // Trudy VNIRO. T. 187. P. 150–158. htpps://doi.org/10.36038/2307–3497–2022–187–150–158. (In Russ.).

25. Khaldinova N. A. 1960. Some features of the biology of the Baltic cod // Trudy VNIRO. T. 52. P. 109–120. (In Russ.).

26. Kharenko E. N., Sopina A. V. 2020. Food guide for fish products // Fisheries № 3. P. 124–128. (In Russ.).

27. Chupikova Ye.S., Sayapina T. A., Antosyuk A. Yu. 2020. Monitoring the release of pollock ovaries in the West Bering Sea zone, Karaginskaya and Petropavlovsk-K omandorskaya subzones in the fishing season in 2020 // Rybnoye khozyaystvo. № 3. Р. 114–118. (In Russ.).

28. Yakimov A. Ya. 2021. Comparative characteristics of pollock size indicators from trawl catches in the fishery in the Sea of Okhotsk and Bering Sea expeditions in the fall of 2020 // Cit. report intl. sci.-tech. conf. «Scientific and practical issues of fisheries regulation». Vladivostok: Dalrybvtuz. Р. 136–140. (In Russ.).

29. Yaragina N. A. 1989. Nutrition, fat content and growth of the Barents Sea cod (Gadus morhua morhua L.). PhD Abstract. Moscow: VNIRO. 24 p. (In Russ.).